科学的存在論<br>Scientific Ontology

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科学的存在論
Scientific Ontology

  • 著者名:Chakravartty, Anjan
  • 価格 ¥4,814 (本体¥4,377)
  • Oxford University Press(2017/06/30発売)
  • 3月の締めくくり!Kinoppy 電子書籍・電子洋書 全点ポイント30倍キャンペーン(~3/31)
  • ポイント 1,290pt (実際に付与されるポイントはご注文内容確認画面でご確認下さい)
  • 言語:ENG
  • ISBN:9780190651459
  • eISBN:9780190651473

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Description

Both science and philosophy are interested in questions of ontology - questions about what exists and what these things are like. Science and philosophy, however, seem like very different ways of investigating the world, so how should one proceed? Some defer to the sciences, conceived as something apart from philosophy, and others to metaphysics, conceived as something apart from science, for certain kinds of answers. This book contends that these sorts of deference are misconceived. A compelling account of ontology must appreciate the ways in which the sciences incorporate metaphysical assumptions and arguments. At the same time, it must pay careful attention to how observation, experience, and the empirical dimensions of science are related to what may be viewed as defensible philosophical theorizing about ontology. The promise of an effectively naturalized metaphysics is to encourage beliefs that are formed in ways that do justice to scientific theorizing, modeling, and experimentation. But even armed with such a view, there is no one, uniquely rational way to draw lines between domains of ontology that are suitable for belief, and ones in which it would be better to suspend belief instead. In crucial respects, ontology is in the eye of the beholder: it is informed by underlying commitments with implications for the limits of inquiry, which inevitably vary across rational inquirers. As result, the proper scope of ontology is subject to a striking form of voluntary choice, yielding a new and transformative conception of scientific ontology.

Table of Contents

Preface Part I: Naturalized Metaphysics Chapter 1: Ontology: scientific and meta-scientific1.1 Scientific and philosophical conceptions of ontology1.2 Deflationary ontology: historicism; sociology; pragmatics1.3 Ontological limits: empiricism; scientific realism; metaphysics1.4 Do case studies of science settle ontological disputes?1.5 Examples of the robustness of ontology under casesChapter 2: Science and metaphysics, then and now2.1 Ontology and the nature of metaphysical inference2.2 Is modern science inherently metaphysical?2.3 Epistemic stances regarding scientific ontology2.4 Metaphysical inferences: lowercase 'm' versus capital 'M'2.5 The (possible) autonomy of (some) metaphysics from scienceChapter 3: Naturalism and the grounding metaphor3.1 In hopes of a demarcation of scientific ontology3.2 On conflating the a priori with that which is prior3.3 How not to naturalize metaphysical inferences3.4 Unpacking the metaphors: "grounding" and "distance"3.5 On the distinction between theorizing and speculatingPart II: Illustrations and Morals Chapter 4: Dispositions: science as a basis for scientific ontology4.1 How dispositions manifest in the philosophy of science4.2 Explanatory power I: unifying aspects of scientific realism4.3 Explanatory power II: giving scientific explanations4.4 Explanatory power III: consolidating scientific knowledge4.5 Property identity and the actual power of explanatory powerChapter 5: Structures: science as a constraint on scientific ontology5.1 Thinking about ontology in the domain of fundamental physics5.2 Situating an ontological inquiry into subatomic "particles"5.3 Structuralist interpretations of the metaphysics of particles5.4 Reasoning about ontological bedrock: an unavoidable dilemma5.5 Dissolving the dilemma: the variability of belief and suspensionPart III: Voluntarist EpistemologyChapter 6: Knowledge under ontological uncertainty6.1 Inconsistent ontologies and incompatible beliefs6.2 Belief and ontological pluralism: perspectival knowledge?6.3 A trilemma for perspectivism: irrelevant; unstable; incoherent6.4 Two kinds of context-transcendent pluralism about ontology6.5 Ontological explanation and contrastive what-questionsChapter 7: The nature and provenance of epistemic stances7.1 An indefeasible persistence of ontological disagreement7.2 Stances revisited: deflationary; empiricist; metaphysical7.3 A voluntarist primer on choosing stances and beliefs7.4 Epistemic stances in conflict: rationality and robustness7.5 In defense of permissive norms of rationality for stancesChapter 8: Coda: voluntarism with lessons from Pyrrho and Sextus8.1 Getting to the bottom of it all, while awake8.2 Skeptical arguments: some Modes of Agrippa8.3 A Pyrrhonian analogy: isostheneia and aphasia8.4 Extending the analogy a bit further: ataraxia8.5 A transformative epistemology of scientific ontologyBibliography Index