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Full Description
One of the more significant recommendations to emerge from UNCED in 1992 was the call in Agenda 21 for countries to develop and implement national sustainable development strategies. Most countries have responded to this challenge. However many countries also have a long history of drawing up planning exercises at this level to deal with environmental problems. 'Green planning' is now used as a shorthand term for a range of such national-level planning initiatives covering both sustainable development and environmental concerns, and countries from the North and the South can benefit from a pooling of knowledge. Getting to Grips with Greens Plans presents a cogent analysis of industrial countries' experiences in this area, drawing out lessons and observations from broad empirical experience.
Part 1 provides an overview of national green planning, reviewing its origins and scope, identifying popular approaches and common processes, highlighting important issues such as participation, the influence of domestic politics, and the track record of more ambitious regional plans, and comparing approaches in developed and developing countries. Part 2 goes on to present a series of detailed case studies, drawn largely from interviews with key individuals responsible for coordinating national green planning processes. These cases come from a range of Western and Eastern European countries, the US and Canada, and Australia and New Zealand. Some of these case studies show impressive records of achievement, whilst others demonstrate potential stumbling blocks. All demonstrate the difficulty of putting the concept of sustainable development into practice
Barry Dalal-Clayton is director of the Environmental Planning Group at the International Institute for Environment and Development, London. In recent years, Dr Dalal Clayton has been deeply involved in analyzing approaches to national sustainable development strategies and environmental action plans in many countries, and in advising governments and international agencies in this field. His other current research interests include environmental impact assessment, community-based wildlife management and land use planning.
Originally published in 1996
Contents
Boxes, Tables and Figures
Acknowledgements
Preface
Executive Summary
Part I: Overview and Synthesis
1. Introduction
Background
The Research
2. Approaches and Stimuli
The Stimulus of UNCED and Environmental Concern
3. Focus of Green Plans and Strategies
Sustainable Development Strategies
Environmental Strategies and Plans
Special Focus Studies
4. Duration, Time Frames, Mandates and Management Approaches
Duration of Development Process
Mandates and Terms of Reference
Strategy Management Processes
5. Participation in Green Plans and Strategies
Participatory Approaches
Consultative Approaches
Predominantly Internal Government Processes
6. Links to Other Strategy and Planning Processes
Regional Strategies
Links to Budget Processes
Links to National Planning
Sub-National Strategies
Local Agenda 21s
Convention Strategies
7. Politics, Governance and Legislation
Political Influences
Cabinet and Parliamentary Reviewing Debate
Legislative and Institutional Consequences of Strategies
8. Conclusions
Towards Sustainable Development Strategies
Developed and Developing Country Approaches Briefly Compared
Challenges
Part 11: Country Case Studies
9. Australia
The National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development (NSESD)
10. Canada
The Green Plan
The Projet de Sociktk
11. Denmark
Foundationsfor Strategic Environmental Planning
Nature and Environment Policy
12. France
Plan National pour I'Environnement
French Commission for Sustainable Development
13. Latvia
14. The Netherlands
National Environmental Policy Plans
Action Plan: Sustainable Netherlands
15. New Zealand
The Resource Management Act and the Environment 2010 Strategy
16. Norway
Reports to Parliament on the Follow-Up to the Report of the Brundtland Commission (No 46), and on UNCED (No 13)
17. Poland
National Environmental Policy
18. Sweden
Towards Sustainable Development in Sweden: Government Bill 1993/4:111 182
An Environmentally Adapted Society: The Action Programme of the Environmental Protection Agency: Enviro '93
19. United Kingdom
Sustainable Development: The UK Strategy
20. United States of America
President's Council on Sustainable Development
National Environmental Goals Project
21. The European Union
22. Green Planning and Strategy Processes in Some Other Industrial Countries
Austria
Germany
Ireland
Japan
Portugal
Russia
Appendices
1. Questionnaire for Structured Interviews
2. Useful Contacts
Acronym
References
Further Reading
Index
