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Full Description
Following their recognition by Gumbel (1874), lamprophyres were treated for an entire century as little more than obscure curiosities. Although this situation has changed recently, with a flowering of publications and active workers, lamprophyres remain almost the only group of igneous rocks which have not yet received attention in a dedicated monograph. In five exploratory reviews (1977-1987), the writer aimed to set out what was known about these rocks. The lUGS Subcommission on igneous rock systematics had meanwhile presented its nomenclatural framework (Streckeisen 1979). All this has now been overtaken by a recent explosion of interest, epitomized not least by lamprophyres' greater prominence in the 4th International Kimberlite Conference Proceedings. More data have become available since 1985 than over the entire previous century, and it is obviously impossible for such an extraordinary outpouring to be fully reviewed in this first, preliminary book. At the risk of dissatisfying some readers, therefore, this book concentrates on factual matters, and on a broad overview rather than minutiae. Because not even a world map of known lamprophyres was previously available, almost half the book is deliberately taken up by the first global lamprophyre compilation, and its commensurately extensive Bibliography. Such a compendium of largely objective information is believed to be of more immediate interest and lasting value than a premature pottage of petrogenetic polemic. Chapters 1-7 bring previous studies up to date, and concentrate on factual information.
Contents
1 What are Lamprophyres? — History, Definitions, Classification.- 1.1 A brief history of lamprophyre research.- 1.2 Classification and nomenclature: the Lamprophyre Clan.- 1.3 In defence of the Lamprophyre Clan.- 1.4 Summary of criteria for identifying lamprophyres as a clan.- 1.5 Identification and nomenclature of closely related rock-types.- 1.6 Distinctions between some petrographically similar rock-types.- 1.7 Genetic connotations for lamprophyre names: are they reasonable?.- 1.8 A new definition of the term 'lamprophyre'.- 2 When and Where? — Global Distribution, Igneous Associations.- 2.1 A preliminary caveat: metamorphism and lamprophyres.- 2.2 A compilation of worldwide lamprophyre occurrences.- 2.3 Global distribution and abundance of lamprophyres.- 2.4 Tectono-magmatic associations.- 2.5 Repeated lamprophyre injection in one area over geological time.- 3 Field Geology and Petrography — Macroscopy and Microscopy.- 3.1 Field geology of lamprophyres: diagnostic forms of occurrence.- 3.2 Petrographical (thin section) characteristics of lamprophyres.- 4 Cognate Mineralogy.- 4.1 Mineralogical features diagnostic of the whole lamprophyre clan.- 4.2 Minerals and parageneses diagnostic of each lamprophyre branch.- 4.3 Olivines.- 4.4 Monticellites.- 4.5 Garnets.- 4.6 Clinopyroxenes.- 4.7 Amphiboles.- 4.8 Biotite-phlogopites.- 4.9 Feldspars.- 4.10 Feldspathoids.- 4.11 Melilites.- 4.12 Carbonates.- 4.13 Spinels.- 4.14 Ilmenites.- 4.15 Perovskites.- 4.16 Other oxides and sulphides.- 4.17 Miscellaneous primary minerals.- 4.18 Secondary minerals.- 4.19 Glass.- 5 Whole-rock Geochemistry.- 5.1 Major and minor oxides.- 5.2 CIPW normative composition.- 5.3 Trace elements.- 5.4 Rare-earth elements (REE).- 5.5 Precious metals (PGE, Au).- 5.6 Radiogenic isotopes.- 5.7Stable isotopes.- 6 Inclusion Suites — Macrocrysts, Xenocrysts, Xenoliths, etc.- 6.1 Type B (largely cognate): inclusions derived from host melt at high-P.- 6.2 Type C (semi-cognate): inclusions derived from evolved melt.- 6.3 Type D (partly cognate): inclusions derived for related melts.- 6.4 Type E (related or foreign): mantle-type mafic-ultramafic inclusions.- 6.5 Type F: True xenocrysts and xenoliths of unrelated crustal rocks.- 6.6 The discrete nodule (macrocryst, megacryst) suite.- 6.7 Abundance of different inclusion types in different lamprophyres.- 6.8 P-T significance of inclusion suites.- 7 Plutonic and Volcanic Equivalents of Lamprophyres.- 7.1 Plutonic and volcanic equivalents of calc-alkaline lamprophyres.- 7.2 Plutonic and volcanic equivalents of alkaline lamprophyres.- 7.3 Plutonic and volcanic equivalents of ultramafic lamprophyres.- 8 Nature, Origin and Evolution of Lamprophyre Melts.- 8.1 Do 'lamprophyre magmas' exist?.- 8.2 How many distinct lamprophyre magma-types are there?.- 8.3 What parameters can we use to deduce lamprophyres' origins?.- 8.4 Petrogenesis of individual lamprophyre magma-types.- 8.5 Evolution (differentiation) of lamprophyre melts.- 8.6 Lamprophyres as parental melts to other igneous rock-suites.- 8.7 Petrogenetic overview.- 9 Economic Geology.- 9.1 Lamprophyres and diamond.- 9.2 Calc-alkaline lamprophyres and gold.- 9.3 Lamprophyres and miscellaneous mineral deposits.- 10 A Selective Lamprophyre Bibliography.- Appendix A Abbreviations and Symbols.- Appendix B Glossary of lamprophyres and ambiguous petrological terms.- Appendix C Global Compilation of Lamprophyre Occurrences.- Table C1 Confirmed occurrences of calc-alkaline lamprophyres.- Table C2 Confirmed occurrences of alkaline lamprophyres.- Table C3 Confirmedoccurrences of ultramafic lamprophyres.- Table C4 Confirmed occurrences of lamproites.- Table C5 Additional documentation for the appinite suite and vaugnérite series.- Table C6 Confirmed mixed or transitional occurrences (covering two or more branches).- Table C7 Unconfirmed occurrences of "lamprophyres".- Table C8 Apocryphal occurrences of "lamprophyres".- Appendix D The computerized lamprophyre database LAMPDA.
