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State Building in Boom Times argues that commodity booms and coalitional politics are central to understanding the state building variation within and across Latin America and Africa. It shows how resource booms can trigger the provision of new public goods and institutional strengthening and thus help countries expand their state capacity. But these possibilities hinge on coalitional politics, as seen through six cases. Countries ruled by export-oriented coalitions (Argentina, Chile, and Mauritius) expanded their state capacity as a direct result of commodity booms. But countries in which exporters were politically marginalized (Colombia, Ghana, and Nigeria) missed analogous state building opportunities because ruling coalitions preyed upon export wealth, rather than promoting export interests via state building. The coalitional basis of these divergent outcomes suggests that, contrary to the prevailing belief in a resource curse, natural resource wealth does not necessarily dispose countries to low state capacity. Instead, export-oriented coalitions can harness boom times for developmental gains, even in the context of weak institutions. This finding warrants reappraising some widespread presumptions about the relationship between resource wealth and state building, as well as the public policies that are commonly proposed for developing countries to manage their natural resource wealth.
Contents
Acknowledgments ; 1. The Multiple Motives behind State Building in the Developing World ; The Revenue Imperative and State Building in the Developing World ; Alternative State Building Motives ; Boom Times and State Building in Coalitional Perspective ; Commodity Booms and State Building in Latin America and Africa ; 2. Boom Times, Coalitional Politics, and State Building ; State Capacity, Public Goods, and Institutions: The Conceptual Terrain ; A Coalitional Approach to State Building: The Theoretical Argument ; Case Selection and Measurement ; Alternative Hypotheses ; 3. Striking State Building due to Chile's Double Boom, 1848-1883 ; Chile at Mid-Century ; The Revenue Imperative and Chilean State Building ; Chile's Double Boom in Wheat and Copper ; Public Goods Provided, but only to Ruling Coalition Members ; An Opposition Enriched, Civil War, and Institution Building ; Chile in 1883: A Precocious Latin American Leviathan ; 4. Seizing State Building Opportunities during Argentina's Wool Boom, 1852-1886 ; Argentina at Mid-Century ; The Revenue Imperative and Argentine State Building ; Argentina's Wool Boom ; New Public Goods for Powerful Ranching Elites ; Enriching Exports, Inter-Provincial Conflict, and Institution Building ; Argentina in 1886: From Port City to Modern State ; 5. Sugar Exporters, New Public Goods, and State Building in Mauritius, 1825-1895 ; Initial Conditions in Mauritius, 1825 ; The Revenue Imperative and Mauritian State Building ; The Sugar Boom and the Transformation of Mauritius ; Public Goods Seeking and Mauritian State Building ; Without a Diametrical Threat, Mediated Institutions Remain ; Mauritius in 1895: New Public Goods and a Growth in State Capacity ; 6. Marginalized Coffee Exporters and Missed State Building Opportunities in Colombia, 1880-1905 ; Colombia in the Late Nineteenth Century ; The Revenue Imperative and Colombian State Building ; Colombia's Coffee Boom ; Ostracized Coffee Exporters Fail to Obtain New Public Goods ; A Non-Elemental Threat Obviates Institution Building ; Persistent State Weakness in Colombia ; 7. Nationalist Politicians Squander State Building Opportunities while Fleecing Cocoa Exporters in Ghana, 1945-1966 ; Ghana at Mid-Century ; The Revenue Imperative and Ghanaian State Building ; Ghana's Postwar Cocoa Boom ; The CPP Frustrates Exporters' Efforts to Obtain New Public Goods ; The Persistence of Mediated Institutions in Postwar Ghana ; Ghana in 1966: Illusory State Building and Low State Capacity ; 8. Exporters' Marginalization and the Persistence of Nigeria's Weak State, 1945-1966 ; Nigeria at Mid-Century ; The Revenue Imperative and Nigerian State Building ; The Agricultural Commodity Boom ; Politically Marginalized Exporters Fail to Obtain New Public Goods ; Institutional Decentralization to Placate Nationalist Elites ; Nigeria in 1966: An Enervated State ; 9. Conclusion and Implications ; Theoretical Implications ; What Is the Resource Curse? ; Policy Implications ; References
