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Ideal for students with little or no background in philosophy, Ethical Choices: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy with Cases provides a concise, balanced, and highly accessible introduction to ethics. Featuring an especially lucid and engaging writing style, the text surveys a wide range of ethical theories and perspectives including consequentialist ethics, deontological ethics, natural and virtue ethics, the ethics of care, and ethics and religion.
Each chapter of Ethical Choices also includes compelling case studies that are carefully matched with the theoretical material. Many of these cases address issues that students can relate directly to their own lives: the drinking age, student credit card debt, zero tolerance policies, grade inflation, and video games. Other cases discuss current topics like living wills, obesity, human trafficking, torture "lite," universal health care, and just-war theory. The cases provide students with practice in addressing real-life moral choices, as well as opportunities to evaluate the usefulness and applicability of each ethical theory. Every case study concludes with a set of Thought Questions to guide students as they reflect upon the issues raised by that case.
Contents
PrefaceAnalyzing a Case Part I Introduction: Theory and PracticeChapter One: Morals and ValuesI. EXTRAORDINARY AND ORDINARY MORALSII. VALUESIII. THE MORAL VS. NON-MORALIV. INTRINSIC AND INSTRUMENTAL VALUESV. VALUES AND FOUNDATIONSValues ExerciseCase 1 Breastfeeding in PublicCase 2 Buy Now, Pay ForeverCase 3 The Real Price of CoffeeChapter Two: Moral RelativismI. INTRODUCTIONII. THREE VIEWS OF ETHICSIII. EVALUATING SUBJECTIVISMIV. SUPPORTING RELATIVISMV. AGAINST RELATIVISMVI. A MATTER OF TOLERANCE**VII. BEYOND CULTURAL RELATIVISMCase 1 Greased GemsCase 2 Arranged MarriageCase 3 Female Genital MutilationCase 4 Vaccine Exemptions by LawChapter Three: Autonomy, Moral Agency, and Self-identityI. INTRODUCTIONII. PERSONAL AUTONOMYIII. IMPLICATIONS OF AUTONOMYIV. MORAL AGENTSV. FILLING IN AUTONOMYVI. **DEVELOPING SELF-IDENTITYCase 1 The Drunk DriverCase 2 Elizabeth BouviaCase 3 Should the Drinking Age Be Eighteen?Case 4 The Living WillCase 5 Determining Racial IdentityChapter Four: Making Moral JudgmentsI. INTRODUCTIONII. CONFLICTSIII. CHARACTERIZING MORAL CLAIMSIV. FORMAL MORAL REASONINGV. MORAL REFLECTIONCase 1 Mr. ResearchCase 2 Child MarriageCase 3 Who's Responsible for Obesity?Chapter Five: Psychology and MoralityI. INTRODUCTIONII. SITUATIONISM AND MORAL CHARACTERIII. OF TWO MINDSIV. THE ETHICS OF CHOICE AND BELIEFV. ALTRUISMCase 1 Human TraffickingCase 2 A Kindly CompanionCase 3 A Covid partyCase 4 Evaluating Expertise PART II IntroductionChapter Six: EgoismI. IntroductionII. Ethical and Psychological EgoismIII. Assessing Ethical EgoismIV. **Why Does Egoism Go Wrong?Case 1 Declaring WagesCase 2 A Scratched BumperCase 3 Job CompetitionCase 4 MADChapter Seven: Consequentialist Ethics: Act UtilitarianismI. INTRODUCTIONII. UTILITY AND CONSEQUENTIALISMIII. **UTILITY AND MILL'S ACCOUNTIV. ACT UTILITARIANISMV. ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMSVI. **BEYOND CLASSICAL UTILITARIANISMCase 1 Charity vs. XboxCase 2 Sponsoring a ChildCase 3 Should Your Next Car Be all-electric?Case 4 Factory Farming and Animal SufferingCase 5 Torture LiteChapter Eight: Consequentialist Ethics: Rule UtilitarianismI. INTRODUCTIONII. RULE UTILITARIANISMIII. RULE VS. ACT UTILITARIANISMIV. PROBLEMS WITH RULE UTILITARIANISMV. **JUSTICE AND RIGHTS REVISITEDCase 1 Transgender Students and College AthleticsCase 2 Curbing Grade InflationCase 3 Universal HealthcareChapter Nine: Deontological EthicsI. INTRODUCTION**II. ROSS'S ETHICSIII. KANT'S GOOD WILLIV. KANT'S PRINCIPLE OF ENDSV. KANT'S PRINCIPLE OF UNIVERSAL LAWVI. ATTRACTIONS AND PROBLEMSVII. **AUTONOMY AND KANT'S KINGDOM OF ENDSCase 1 Internet Bride-Straight from AsiaCase 2 A Demanding Honor CodeCase 3 The Ayala CaseCase 4 A Personal DecisionCase 5 SuicideChapter Ten: Natural Law TheoryI. INTRODUCTIONII. NATURAL LAW THEORYIII. FORFEITUREIV. DOUBLE EFFECTV. PROBLEMS FOR NATURAL LAW THEORYCase 1 Relieving Pain in a Dying PatientCase 2 Birth ControlCase 3 Just War Theory and the Killing of NoncombatantsCase 4 Permanent Vegetative State: The Case of Terri SchiavoChapter Eleven: Social Contracts and RightsI. INTRODUCTIONII. LOCKEIII. HOBBESIV. RAWLSV. SOME INITIAL ASSESSMENTSVI. MORE ON RIGHTSVII. **STRUCTURAL VIOLENCECase 1 Socrates's ImprisonmentCase 2 Lord of the FliesCase 3 Locke and Load: Lockean Rights and Gun ControlChapter Twelve: Virtue EthicsI. INTRODUCTIONII. THE HEART OF VIRTUE ETHICSIII. ARISTOTLE'S VIRTUE ETHICSIV. **CRITIQUING PRINCIPLE-BASED ETHICSV. CLASSIFYING THE VIRTUESVI. PROBLEMS WITH VIRTUE ETHICSCase 1 The Unlikely RescueCase 2 Video GamesCase 3 Compulsive Gambling and the InternetCase 4 Moral LuckCase 5 Democracy in SwitzerlandChapter Thirteen: Feminism and Care EthicsI. INTRODUCTIONII. **FEMINIST ETHICSIII. THE CARE PERSPECTIVEIV. ELEMENTS OF CARE ETHICSV. PROBLEMSVI. **CARE AND VIRTUEVII.** NEW DEVELOPMENTSCase 1 The Heinz dilemmaCase 2 The International Gemstone TradeCase 3 Parent Responsibility Toward Their In Utero ChildCase 4 Absolute PovertyChapter Fourteen: Ethics and ReligionI. INTRODUCTIONII. DIVINE COMMAND THEORYIII. AN ALTERNATE DEPENDENCY ACCOUNTIV. OBJECTIONS AND ELABORATIONSV. COMPLETENESSCase 1 By Divine Command?Case 2 Religious Symbols and Public SchoolsCase 3 A Question of Authority PART III IntroductionChapter Fifteen: Medical Ethics: FutilityI. INTRODUCTIONII. CONFLICTSCase 1 Infant Medical FutilityCase 2 National TriageCase 3 Challenge StudiesChapter Sixteen: Organizational Ethics: WhistleblowingI. INTRODUCTIONII. CLASSIC ANALYSISIII. COMPLICITY & SUCCESSIV. A MODIFIED ANALYSISCase 1 Mr. Tran and Wells FargoCase 2 Surfer, Sailor, WhistleblowerCase 3 The ChallengerCase 4 The Snowden LeakChapter Seventeen: Environmental Ethics: Pollution and Resource UseI. OPTIMIZATION AND CONFLICTSII. CLIMATE CHANGEIII. A PRACTICAL AND MORAL RESPONSECase 1 National ParksCase 2 The Diesel DupeCase 3 Anthropocentric vs. Ecocentric ViewsChapter Eighteen: Obligations to Future GenerationsI. INTRODUCTIONII. CAN THERE BE OBLIGATIONS TOWARDS NON-EXISTENT PEOPLE?III. CAN THERE BE OBLIGATIONS TOWARDS INDETERMINATE PEOPLE?IV. IS THERE AN OBLIGATION TO ENSURE ANY FUTURE HUMANITY?V. GUIDING PRINCIPLESCase 1 The InheritanceCase 2 Hey, isn't That Your Grandkid's Dinner?Case 3 Juggling Life, Health and the EconomyCase 4 Designer Babies: Science Fiction No MorePostscriptGlossaryIndex
